SMARANDACHE-GALOIS FIELDS

In this paper we study the notion of Smarandache-Galois fields and homomorphism and the Smarandache quotient ring. Galois fields are nothing but fields having only a finite number of elements. We also propose some interesting problems

SMARANDACHE LOOPS

In this paper we study the notion of Smarandache loops. We obtain some interesting results about them. The notion of Smarandache semigroups homomorphism is studied as well in this paper. Using the definition of homomorphism of Smarandache semigroups we give the classical theorem of Cayley for Smarandache semigroups. We also analyze the Smarandache loop homomorphism. We pose the problem of finding a Cayley theorem for Smarandache loops

Interval Algebraic Bistructures

This book has four chapters. In the first chapter interval bistructures (biinterval structures) such as interval bisemigroup, interval bigroupoid, interval bigroup and interval biloops are introduced. Throughout this book we work only with the intervals of the form [0, a] where a \in Zn or Z+ \cup {0} or R+ \cup {0} or Q+ \cup {0} unless otherwise specified. Also interval bistructures of the form interval loop-group, interval groupgroupoid so on are introduced and studied. In chapter two n-interval structures are introduced. n-interval groupoids, n-interval semigroups, n-interval loops and so on are introduced and analysed. Using these notions n-interval mixed algebraic structure are defined and described. Some probable applications are discussed. Only in due course of time several applications would be evolved by researchers as per their need. The final chapter suggests around 295 problems of which some are simple exercises, some are difficult and some of them are research problems.Comment: 208 page

Interval Semirings

This book has seven chapters. In chapter one we give the basics needed to make this book a self contained one. Chapter two introduces the notion of interval semigroups and interval semifields and are algebraically analysed. Chapter three introduces special types of interval semirings like matrix interval semirings and interval polynomial semirings. Chapter four for the first time introduces the notion of group interval semirings, semigroup interval semirings, loop interval semirings and groupoid interval semirings and these structures are studied. Interval neutrosophic semirings are introduced in chapter five. Applications of these structures are given in chapter six. The final chapter suggests around 120 problems for the reader.Comment: 155 pages; Published by Kappa & Omega in 201

n-Linear Algebra of type II

This book is a continuation of the book n-linear algebra of type I and its applications. Most of the properties that could not be derived or defined for n-linear algebra of type I is made possible in this new structure: n-linear algebra of type II which is introduced in this book. In case of n-linear algebra of type II we are in a position to define linear functionals which is one of the marked difference between the n-vector spaces of type I and II. However all the applications mentioned in n-linear algebras of type I can be appropriately extended to n-linear algebras of type II. Another use of n-linear algebra (n-vector spaces) of type II is that when this structure is used in coding theory we can have different types of codes built over different finite fields whereas this is not possible in the case of n-vector spaces of type I. Finally in the case of n-vector spaces of type II, we can obtain n-eigen values from distinct fields; hence, the n-characteristic polynomials formed in them are in distinct different fields. An attractive feature of this book is that the authors have suggested 120 problems for the reader to pursue in order to understand this new notion. This book has three chapters. In the first chapter the notion of n-vector spaces of type II are introduced. This chapter gives over 50 theorems. Chapter two introduces the notion of n-inner product vector spaces of type II, n-bilinear forms and n-linear functionals. The final chapter suggests over a hundred problems. It is important that the reader is well-versed not only with linear algebra but also n-linear algebra of type I.Comment: 229 page

Neutrosophic Rings

This book has four chapters. Chapter one is introductory in nature, for it recalls some basic definitions essential to make the book a self-contained one. Chapter two, introduces for the first time the new notion of neutrosophic rings and some special neutrosophic rings like neutrosophic ring of matrix and neutrosophic polynomial rings. Chapter three gives some new classes of neutrosophic rings like group neutrosophic rings,neutrosophic group neutrosophic rings, semigroup neutrosophic rings, S-semigroup neutrosophic rings which can be realized as a type of extension of group rings or generalization of group rings. Study of these structures will throw light on the research on the algebraic structure of group rings. Chapter four is entirely devoted to the problems on this new topic, which is an added attraction to researchers. A salient feature of this book is that it gives 246 problems in Chapter four. Some of the problems are direct and simple, some little difficult and some can be taken up as a research problem.Comment: 154 page

Smarandache Non-Associative Rings

Generally, in any human field, a Smarandache Structure on a set A means a weak structure W on A such that there exists a proper subset B contained in A which is embedded with a stronger structure S. These types of structures occur in our everyday's life, that's why we study them in this book. Thus, as a particular case: A non-associative ring is a non-empty set R together with two binary operations '+' and '.' such that (R, +) is an additive abelian group and (R, .) is a groupoid. For all a, b, c belonging to R we have (a + b) . c = a . c + b . c and c . (a + b) = c . a + c . b. A Smarandache non-associative ring is a non-associative ring (R, +, .) which has a proper subset P contained in R, that is an associative ring (with respect to the same binary operations on R).Comment: 150 pages, several new definitions, 44 tables and 150 problem